Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI) is a proposed climate engineering method designed to mitigate global warming by reflecting sunlight away from Earth. The process involves using specialized aircraft or balloons to disperse reflective particles, such as sulfur or calcium carbonate, into the upper atmosphere to mimic the natural cooling effect of volcanic eruptions. While research suggests the technique is technically feasible and relatively inexpensive compared to other climate solutions, it remains controversial due to significant environmental uncertainties. Potential risks include the depletion of the ozone layer, alterations to global rainfall patterns, and various sociopolitical challenges. Consequently, the urgent need for international governance frameworks and robust legal instruments to manage the ethical and physical consequences of such a global intervention. Collectively, this provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific mechanism, historical research projects, and regulatory hurdles associated with solar radiation modification.
