With every passing year, the effects of climate change grow more and more apparent. With time slowly running out to meet international carbon neutrality goals, geoengineering has emerged as a controversial way to artificially cool the Earth in order to avoid the worst outcomes.
In Part 1 of this three-part series on geoengineering, there is an emphasis on solar radiation management (SRM), specifically stratospheric aerosol injection, marine cloud brightening, and an orbiting sunshade. This part will focus on how their technology works and provide some perspective on how realistic some of these options are.
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0:00 Intro
0:59 What Is Geoengineering?
2:34 Stratospheric Aerosol Injection
4:52 Marine Cloud Brightening
6:47 Sunshades
10:29 Outro
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References:
[1] Govindasamy, Bala, and Ken Caldeira. “Geoengineering Earth’s Radiation Balance to Mitigate Co2-Induced Climate Change.” Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 27, no. 14, 2000, pp. 2141–2144., https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl006086.
[2] Budyko, M. I. 1977 Climatic changes (transl. Izmeniia Klimata Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1974). Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union.
[3] Rasch, Philip J, et al. “An Overview of Geoengineering of Climate Using Stratospheric Sulphate Aerosols.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 366, no. 1882, 2008, pp. 4007–4037., https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0131.
[4] https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/1510/global-effects-of-mount-pinatubo#:~:text=
[5] Rasch, Philip J, et al. “An Overview of Geoengineering of Climate Using Stratospheric Sulphate Aerosols.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 366, no. 1882, 2008, pp. 4007–4037., https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0131.
[6] Latham J. 1990. Control of global warming? Nature 347, 339–340 10.1038/347339b0 (doi:10.1038/347339b0)
[7] Latham, John, et al. “Marine Cloud Brightening.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 370, no. 1974, 2012, pp. 4217–4262., https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0086.
[8] Foster, Jack, et al. “Continuing Results for Effervescent Aerosol Salt Water Spray Nozzles Intended for Marine Cloud Brightening.” International Journal of Geosciences, vol. 11, no. 09, 2020, pp. 563–589., https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2020.119030.
[9] Wood, Robert. “Assessing the Potential Efficacy of Marine Cloud Brightening for Cooling Earth Using a Simple Heuristic Model.” 2020, https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10505097.1.
[10] Sánchez, Joan-Pau, and Colin R. McInnes. “Optimal Sunshade Configurations for Space-Based Geoengineering near the Sun-Earth L1 Point.” PLOS ONE, vol. 10, no. 8, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136648.
[11] Fuglesang, Christer, and María García De Herreros Miciano. “Realistic Sunshade System at L1 for Global Temperature Control.” Acta Astronautica, vol. 186, 2021, pp. 269–279., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.04.035.
[12] Burke, Marshall, et al. “Large Potential Reduction in Economic Damages under UN Mitigation Targets.” Nature, vol. 557, no. 7706, 2018, pp. 549–553., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0071-9.
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